Lipid nanoparticles-from liposomes to mRNA vaccine delivery, a landscape of research diversity and advancement. Without these lipid shells, there would be no mRNA vaccines for COVID-19. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. Use of liposomes as injectable-drug delivery systems. Hopefully in the future lipid nanoparticles can bring more breakthroughs in medical science. 3 This brings opportunities for cancer treatment, gene therapy, and a lot of related biomedical research. They can also deliver other large molecules into cells.
Lipid nanoparticles can do a lot more than just deliver mRNA. What are lipid nanoparticles good for (other than vaccines)? Katalin Kariko, contributed to the design of mRNA. But the pH inside our bodies is about 7.4 (more basic), so after injection the lipid molecules are no longer charged even after the mRNA are dissociated from them.Īnother important scientist, Dr. Scientists have designed the lipid molecules in lipid nanoparticles so their charges can be adjusted by changing pH: when they’re made in lower pH (more acid), they carry positive charges to bind with mRNA. We also want the injected lipid nanoparticles to be neutrally charged overall so they won’t be harmful inside our body. Because mRNA is negatively charged, we want the lipid molecule to carry positive charges so it can bind with mRNA and form a stable nanoparticle. The challenge for getting mRNA vaccines to work is the charge of the molecules. Lipid nanoparticle: liposome shell with genetic material carried inside (image by Buschmann et al. Professor Pieter Cullis of the University of British Columbia found that anti-cancer drugs could be delivered with the help of liposomes (small bubbles inside cells formed by spheres of lipid membranes). The corona formation brings in remarkable. Notably, the lipid corona also forms at a low concentration of lipid vesicles in the liquid crystalline phase (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). The earliest discoveries of lipid nanoparticles can be traced back to the 1980s. The lipid corona occurs for NPs at high lipid concentration, irrespective of the phase states and area per lipid head group of the lipid bilayer. That’s where lipid nanoparticles come in: the lipid nanoparticle is also hydrophobic, which helps the mRNA to get through the cell membrane. But the cell membrane includes a hydrophobic layer (meaning “afraid of water”) that does not allow mRNA to penetrate. One of the most important challenges for an mRNA vaccine is that it only works if it can get inside our cells. Here’s a fun explanation video by Vick Krishna.
Lipid corona meaning how to#
That way, if and when our body encounters the real COVID virus, our immune system has already learned how to fight it off. Our immune system recognizes that these spike proteins don’t belong in our body, and learns to make antibodies to get rid of them. The mRNA in a COVID vaccine gives instructions to our cells to make one harmless piece of a protein from the COVID virus.
The extra stability of Au-AA NPs upon the formation of lipid corona allows us to introduce new engineered nanoparticles for future prospective.The central dogma (image by Yinhan Wang) How do COVID vaccines use mRNA? Significantly, we found that the colloidal property of these lipid-coated nanoparticles (lipid corona) is immune to resist extreme harsh conditions, that is, high acidic pH, several repetitive freeze-thaw cycles, and high salt concentration. The HR-TEM analysis indicates that the partial lipid coating is an intermediate step of lipid-induced aggregation and lipid corona formation of the Au-AA NPs. The lipid-nanoparticle interaction is a time-dependent phenomenon and depends on the surface charge of both the lipid and the Au-AA NPs. In contrast, at low lipid concentration Au-AA NPs undergo lipid-induced aggregation. Our study demonstrates that in the presence of high lipid concentration Au-AA NPs intrinsically tow the lipid molecules from the lipid vesicles and decorate themselves by lipid leading to unique lipid corona formation. In the present contribution, we report a novel lipid corona formation and its underlying mechanism using aromatic amino acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-AA NPs) as a template by means of spectroscopic (steady-state UV-visible and fluorescence) and imaging (CLSM, HR-TEM, and AFM) techniques. While protein corona formation is well-known, the lipid corona is relatively new and its stability is yet to be explored. The coating of proteins and lipids around the surface of the nanoparticles is known as "protein corona" and "lipid corona", respectively, which have promising biomedical applications.
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